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Access to prior spatial information.

Emily R Smith1, Jennifer Stiegler-Balfour2, Christopher R Williams3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Siena College, 511 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA. esmith@siena.edu.

Memory & Cognition
|July 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial information processing is disrupted by inconsistencies only when cognitive load increases or location details are elaborated. Reactivation of spatial memory is possible with explicit cues or situation model references.

Keywords:
ComprehensionSituation modelsSpatial updating

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Understanding how readers process and retain spatial information in text is crucial for comprehension.
  • Prior research suggests that readers construct mental representations of described environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions influencing the accessibility and reactivation of spatial information during text comprehension.
  • To determine when spatial inconsistencies disrupt reading and how spatial memory is maintained and retrieved.

Main Methods:

  • Six experiments were conducted measuring reading times and probe naming times.
  • Experiments 1-4 assessed processing disruption from spatial inconsistencies under varying task demands and elaboration.
  • Experiments 5-6 measured the activation and reactivation of spatial information using probe naming tasks.

Main Results:

  • Spatial inconsistencies did not impede processing unless task demands or location elaboration increased.
  • Spatial information is highly active immediately after reading but decays over time.
  • Explicit cues and situation model references effectively reactivated previously encoded spatial information.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial representation accessibility is modulated by cognitive load and contextual elaboration.
  • Spatial memory is dynamic, requiring specific retrieval strategies for reactivation.
  • Findings support the RI-Val model of memory and situation model construction.