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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
609

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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Error and post-error processing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An electrical neuroimaging

T W P Janssen1, N van Atteveldt1, J Oosterlaan2

  • 1Vrije Universiteit, Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Van der Boechortstraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show reduced error processing, specifically in the late stages of self-regulation and cognitive control implementation, impacting their response consistency.

Keywords:
ADHDError-processingEvent-related potentialsSource-localization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inconsistent response styles.
  • Event-related potential (ERP) studies suggest regulatory deficits in ADHD, but lack specificity in error processing.
  • Existing research highlights the need for precise identification of error and post-error processing deficits in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the isolation, localization, and identification of error processing (self-monitoring, adaptive control) and post-error processing (cognitive control implementation) in children with ADHD.
  • To investigate group differences in specific event-related potential (ERP) components related to error and post-error processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the stop-signal task to obtain ERPs from 46 children with ADHD and 51 typically developing (TD) children.
  • Compared response-locked error (Ne, Pe) and stimulus-locked post-error (N2) components between groups.
  • Corrected Ne/Pe for preceding stimulus overlap and localized group differences.

Main Results:

  • The Pe amplitude was significantly reduced in children with ADHD compared to TD children, localized in the dorsal posterior/midcingulate cortex.
  • The Ne component was intact in the ADHD group.
  • TD children exhibited increased N2 amplitude in post-error trials (left VLPFC, angular gyrus), a response not observed in the ADHD group.

Conclusions:

  • Self-regulation deficits in ADHD are linked to impairments in later stages of error processing.
  • These deficits extend to the subsequent implementation of cognitive control following errors.
  • The study refines our understanding of specific error processing deficits within the context of ADHD.