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Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.5K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

4.1K
Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

11.1K
A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
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Recent progress on superconductors with time-reversal symmetry breaking.

Sudeep Kumar Ghosh1, Michael Smidman2,3, Tian Shang4,5

  • 1Physics of Quantum Materials, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
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Unconventional superconductors exhibiting spontaneous magnetic fields break time-reversal symmetry. This review covers experimental findings and theoretical models explaining these intriguing magnetic superconducting states.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Superconductivity and magnetism are typically opposing states.
  • The coexistence of spontaneous magnetic fields within superconductors is a rare and complex phenomenon.
  • This phenomenon challenges fundamental understanding of both states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent experimental discoveries of unconventional superconductors.
  • To explore theoretical frameworks for understanding time-reversal symmetry breaking in superconductors.
  • To elucidate the properties, pairing mechanisms, and order parameter symmetries in these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental probes for detecting time-reversal symmetry breaking.
  • Theoretical approaches including band structure analysis.
  • Analysis of order parameter symmetries and pairing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identification of unconventional superconductors with intrinsic magnetic fields.
  • Demonstration of time-reversal symmetry breaking in these materials.
  • Development of theoretical models to explain observed phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous magnetism in superconductors is a key indicator of unconventional pairing.
  • Multiple electronic bands play a crucial role in these exotic states.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity.