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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Isolation, Culture, Characterization, and Differentiation of Human Muscle Progenitor Cells from the Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedure
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Overfeeding and Substrate Availability, But Not Age or BMI, Alter Human Satellite Cell Function.

Dane W Fausnacht1,2,3, Ryan P McMillan1,2, Nabil E Boutagy4,5

  • 1Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

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|July 30, 2020
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Diet significantly impacts satellite cell function more than age or BMI. Overfeeding reduced proliferation, while BMI influenced responses to high-substrate media, suggesting diet mediates age and BMI effects on muscle repair.

Keywords:
agingoverfeedingskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology
  • Cell biology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Satellite cells (SC) are crucial for skeletal muscle growth and repair.
  • SC function can be negatively affected by obesity, aging, and high-fat diets.
  • Understanding lifestyle factors influencing SCs is vital for muscle health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI), age, and high-fat overfeeding on satellite cell (SC) function.
  • To assess SC proliferation, differentiation, and substrate oxidation under varying dietary and physiological conditions.
  • To determine whether age, BMI, or diet exerts a greater influence on SCs.

Main Methods:

  • Isolated SCs from young and older men with diverse BMIs, and young men before/after overfeeding (OVF).
  • Cultured SCs in vitro with control or high-substrate media (HSM) containing high glucose and fatty acids.
  • Assessed SC proliferation, differentiation, and substrate oxidation rates.

Main Results:

  • In vitro SC function was not significantly affected by donor age.
  • Overfeeding (OVF) reduced SC proliferation but did not alter differentiation.
  • SC proliferation in response to HSM correlated with donor BMI; normal-weight individuals showed reduced proliferation, while higher BMI individuals showed enhanced proliferation.
  • HSM reduced SC proliferation and fusion before OVF but enhanced them after OVF.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary factors, particularly overfeeding and high-substrate availability, have a more profound effect on SC function than chronological age or BMI.
  • While age and BMI may not directly alter SC function in controlled settings, they modulate the SCs' response to metabolic challenges.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of diet in mediating the effects of lifestyle on skeletal muscle regeneration and repair.