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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
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Drivers' Visual Attention Characteristics under Different Cognitive Workloads: An On-Road Driving Behavior Study.

Yanli Ma1, Shouming Qi1,2, Yaping Zhang1

  • 1School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Male drivers exhibit higher visual attention entropy than female drivers. Cognitive workload alters drivers

Keywords:
Markov processescognitive workloadentropy methodon-road experimentvisual fixation characteristicsvisual transition characteristics

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Traffic Safety Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding driver visual attention is crucial for enhancing road safety.
  • Cognitive workload significantly impacts driver behavior and visual scanning patterns.
  • Previous research often relies on driving simulators, which may not fully replicate real-world driving conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate visual attention fixation and transition characteristics of drivers under varying cognitive workloads during on-road driving.
  • To compare visual attention patterns between male and female drivers.
  • To differentiate visual attention during on-road driving versus driving simulation.

Main Methods:

  • An on-road driving experiment was conducted.
  • Macroscopic analysis of visual attention using the entropy method.
  • Microscopic analysis using Markov glance one- and two-step transition probability matrices.

Main Results:

  • Male drivers showed 23.08% higher visual fixation entropy than female drivers.
  • Under cognitive workload, visual transitions concentrated in front and right areas, unlike normal driving (front and left).
  • Increased cognitive workload shifted visual trajectory towards the junction of near-front and far-side areas.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive workload significantly alters driver visual attention patterns and transitions.
  • On-road driving captures twice the attention to the front area compared to driving simulators.
  • Findings offer practical insights for improving traffic safety systems and driver training.