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Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

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In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
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Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Amputees.

Fawzy Elbarbry1, Van Nguyen1, Marina Kawaguchi-Suzuki1

  • 1Pacific University School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA.

Journal of Pharmacy Practice
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review examines tools for assessing renal function, body weight, and body surface area in amputees. It highlights the lack of data guiding medication dose adjustments for this population.

Keywords:
amputationbody surface areabody weightdose adjustmentpharmacokinetics

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing
  • Clinical Assessment in Special Populations
  • Biomedical Measurement Techniques

Background:

  • Amputations present unique physiological changes impacting drug pharmacokinetics.
  • Limited literature exists on managing medication doses for amputee patients.
  • Accurate assessment of body composition is crucial for safe and effective drug therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current assessment tools for renal function, body weight, and body surface area in amputees.
  • To identify gaps in the literature regarding pharmacokinetic considerations for amputees.
  • To provide guidance on optimizing drug dosing regimens for individuals with limb loss.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science.
  • Inclusion of articles using keywords: amputation, dose adjustment, estimation of body weight.
  • Exclusion of non-English language publications.

Main Results:

  • A significant lack of research on the impact of amputation on pharmacokinetics was identified.
  • Existing literature offers minimal guidance for medication dose adjustments in amputees.
  • Several factors influencing optimal dosing in amputees are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The applicability of existing methods for measuring renal function, body weight, and body surface area in amputees needs evaluation.
  • Further research is required to develop evidence-based guidelines for drug dosing in amputee populations.
  • Standardized assessment protocols are essential for improving patient care.