Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Forgetting01:21

Forgetting

272
Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
272
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

343
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
343
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.4K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.4K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.0K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.0K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

902
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
902
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

487
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
487

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Face-name associative memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Region-specific insights in right-hemisphere onset.

Epilepsy research·2026
Same author

Exploring the impact of elaborative rehearsal on mind wandering.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same author

A Distributional Response Time Analysis of the Perceptual Disfluency Effect.

Journal of cognition·2025
Same author

Calibration of multisite raters for prospective visual reads of amyloid PET scans.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025
Same author

The magnitude of the testing effect is independent of retrieval practice performance.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2024
Same author

Using objective measures to examine the effect of suspect-filler similarity on eyewitness identification performance.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2023
Same journal

Episodic and semantic memory contributions to imagination and creativity.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same journal

What is the relationship between stress and prospective memory in everyday environments?

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same journal

Revisiting the confidence-accuracy relationship in eyewitness identification: a metacognitive perspective.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same journal

Beliefs about child witnesses: a survey of Danish legal professionals, social workers and psychologists.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same journal

Potto-biographical memory ≈ autobiographical memory: on the retrieval and organisation of fictional- and personal-event memories.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
Same journal

Conceptual and perceptual chunking of real-world objects in visual working memory.

Memory (Hove, England)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

36.0K

Sans Forgetica is not desirable for learning.

Jason Geller1,2, Sara D Davis3, Daniel J Peterson3

  • 1Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.

Memory (Hove, England)
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Students do not learn better using the Sans Forgetica typeface. Three experiments found no memory benefits for perceptually difficult-to-process fonts compared to standard learning strategies.

Keywords:
Disfluencydesirable difficultieseducationlearning and memory

More Related Videos

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
08:32

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

23.2K
A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
09:22

A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

Published on: June 22, 2015

14.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
11:17

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

36.0K
Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
08:32

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

23.2K
A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning
09:22

A Method for Remotely Silencing Neural Activity in Rodents During Discrete Phases of Learning

Published on: June 22, 2015

14.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Claims suggest perceptually difficult typefaces like Sans Forgetica enhance student learning.
  • Evidence for perceptual disfluency effects on learning is often mixed and requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously examine the mnemonic effects of the Sans Forgetica typeface.
  • To compare Sans Forgetica's impact on learning against other established learning strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Three preregistered experiments were conducted.
  • Experiment 1: Cued recall of weakly related cue-target pairs (Sans Forgetica vs. missing letters/generation effect).
  • Experiment 2: Cued recall of an educational passage (Sans Forgetica vs. pre-highlighting vs. unmodified). Experiment 3: Recognition memory for Sans Forgetica vs. a fluent typeface.

Main Results:

  • The generation effect significantly improved recall, but Sans Forgetica showed no memory benefit.
  • Pre-highlighting improved recall, while Sans Forgetica did not enhance cued recall compared to unmodified text or pre-highlighting.
  • Sans Forgetica did not improve discriminability in an old-new recognition test compared to a fluent typeface.

Conclusions:

  • The Sans Forgetica typeface does not confer a learning or memory advantage.
  • Perceptual disfluency, specifically through difficult typefaces, is not a reliable strategy for enhancing student learning.
  • Findings challenge the purported mnemonic benefits of Sans Forgetica, suggesting it may be 'forgettable'.