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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

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The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
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Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

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Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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How to Study Basement Membrane Stiffness as a Biophysical Trigger in Prostate Cancer and Other Age-related Pathologies or Metabolic Diseases
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Decrease of laminin-511 in the basement membrane due to photoaging reduces epidermal stem/progenitor cells.

Shunsuke Iriyama1, Masahito Yasuda2, Saori Nishikawa3

  • 1Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0011, Japan. shunsuke.iriyama@shiseido.com.

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Daily sun exposure damages skin stem cells by degrading laminin-511 in the dermal-epidermal junction. Protecting laminin-511 may preserve epidermal stem cell function and skin health.

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Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Daily sunlight exposure, or photoaging, disrupts epidermal homeostasis.
  • Inter-follicular epidermal stem cells (IFE-SCs) are crucial for maintaining skin structure and function.
  • The cellular environment, or niche, of IFE-SCs plays a vital role in their regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of photoaging on IFE-SC function.
  • To identify key components within the IFE-SC niche affected by sun exposure.
  • To understand the mechanisms underlying photoaging-induced changes in epidermal stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of sun-exposed versus sun-protected skin samples.
  • Analysis of stem cell markers (MCSP, β1-integrin, Lrig1, K15, etc.) and laminin-511 levels at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ).
  • In vitro UVB exposure of cultured human skin with and without matrix metalloproteinase and heparanase inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Sun-exposed skin showed reduced MCSP-positive and β1-integrin-positive cells, along with decreased laminin-511 at the DEJ.
  • Higher laminin-511 levels correlated with increased colony formation and stem cell marker expression in keratinocytes.
  • UVB exposure damaged laminin-511 integrity and reduced MCSP- and K15-positive cells; inhibitors preserved laminin-511 and stem cell populations.

Conclusions:

  • Photoaging reduces epidermal stem/progenitor cells (MCSP-positive, K15-positive) through laminin-511 degradation at the DEJ.
  • Laminin-511 is a critical component of the IFE-SC niche affected by sun damage.
  • Targeting matrix metalloproteinase and heparanase may protect against photoaging-induced stem cell loss.