Scallop mantle toxin induces apoptosis in liver tissues of mice

We had previously shown that the intake of scallop mantle tissue resulted in the death of mice and rats. In this study, we investigated the liver injury caused by mantle tissue to clarify the mechanism behind its toxicity. Mantle toxin increased lipid peroxidation and decreased the reductive thiol content as well as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, catalase activity, and glutathione content in the liver of the mice. These results suggested that the mantle tissue diet caused oxidative stress through the decrease in antioxidants. In addition, mantle toxin increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and inflammation-induced genes and the protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax (which induce apoptosis), suggesting that the mantle tissue diet causes apoptosis through oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation in the liver tissue. Such liver injury may be an essential cause of the rodent demise.