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Changes in surgical therapies for rectal cancer over the past 100 years: A review
Yuji Toiyama1, Masato Kusunoki1
1Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Japan.
Abstract:
Advances in surgical and adjuvant therapies have resulted in a dramatic improvement in outcomes of rectal cancer in terms of both oncology and functional preservation. Surgery plays a central role in therapy as it is the only means of achieving a complete cure. These surgical advancements result from extensive pioneering research in the fields of anatomy and physiology. Much history lies behind the recent surgical breakthroughs of total mesorectal excision (TME) and intersphincteric resection (ISR). This article outlines the changes that have taken place in surgical therapies for rectal cancer over more than a century based on clinical trials performed to provide scientific evidence for these therapies.
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