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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

4.0K
The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

98
Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

1.9K
The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
230
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

95
Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
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Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation

Published on: May 23, 2025

598

Hyperpigmentation of the legs.

Bich-May Nguyen1, Shayna Upchurch1, Aryanna Amini1

  • 1Memorial Family Medicine Residency Program, Memorial Hermann Health System, Houston, TX, USA.

The Journal of Family Practice
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates the cause of a patient's hyperpigmentation, exploring whether a medication or an underlying health condition was responsible. The findings aim to clarify diagnosis and treatment for similar cases.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hyperpigmentation is a common dermatological concern with diverse etiologies.
  • Differentiating drug-induced hyperpigmentation from that caused by comorbidities is clinically significant.
  • Accurate diagnosis impacts patient management and therapeutic strategies.

Observation:

  • A specific patient presented with unexplained hyperpigmentation.
  • The patient's medical history included multiple comorbidities and current medication regimen.
  • Clinical examination and diagnostic tests were performed to evaluate the hyperpigmentation.

Findings:

  • Analysis revealed that a specific medication was the primary cause of the patient's hyperpigmentation.
  • The comorbidity was not directly implicated in the observed skin discoloration.

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  • Cessation of the implicated drug led to a gradual improvement in hyperpigmentation.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of a thorough medication review in patients with new-onset hyperpigmentation.
    • Clinicians should consider drug-induced causes before attributing skin changes solely to comorbidities.
    • Understanding drug-induced dermatological side effects is crucial for effective patient care.