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Novel Biomarkers in Sinonasal Cancers: from Bench to Bedside
Matt Lechner1,2,3, Jacklyn Liu1,3, Valerie J Lund4,5
1UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK.
Purpose Of Review:
Sinonasal cancers are a heterogenous group of rare cancers for which histopathological diagnosis can be very challenging and treatment options are limited for advanced disease in particular. Here, we review the candidacy of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for sinonasal cancers.
Recent Findings:
Molecular multidimensional analyses of sinonasal cancers have been lagging behind other major cancers, but there are numerous publications describing the discovery of novel candidate biomarkers, e.g. the methylation classifier, originally developed for brain cancers, and gene expression panels for the prediction of response to induction chemotherapy in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma. The most promising biomarkers are summarized and discussed further with regard to their clinical applicability and future potential. Many of the described novel biomarkers for sinonasal cancers will eventually overcome the pitfalls associated with the frequently non-specific immunohistological tests. With comprehensive, multidimensional molecular testing of these tumours in collaborative consortia projects, our better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sinonasal cancers and their carcinogenesis will determine the most useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, allow stringent multi-institutional validation and guide trials on targeted therapies.
Insights
Novel biomarkers show promise for diagnosing and treating rare sinonasal cancers. Molecular analysis is key to understanding these cancers and developing targeted therapies for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Sinonasal cancers are rare, heterogeneous malignancies with diagnostic challenges.
- Limited treatment options exist, particularly for advanced stages.
- Histopathological diagnosis can be difficult, necessitating improved methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for sinonasal cancers.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for these rare tumors.
- To discuss the clinical applicability and future potential of emerging biomarkers.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent publications on molecular multidimensional analyses of sinonasal cancers.
- Identification and summary of novel candidate biomarkers, including methylation classifiers and gene expression panels.
- Discussion of the clinical applicability and future potential of promising biomarkers.
Main Results:
- Numerous novel candidate biomarkers have been discovered for sinonasal cancers.
- Specific biomarkers, like methylation classifiers and gene expression panels, show promise.
- These biomarkers may overcome limitations of current non-specific immunohistological tests.
Conclusions:
- Emerging molecular biomarkers offer potential for improved diagnosis and prognosis of sinonasal cancers.
- Comprehensive molecular testing and collaborative research are crucial for validation and clinical translation.
- Understanding molecular mechanisms will guide targeted therapy development for sinonasal cancers.
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