Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.5K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.5K
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.6K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
1.6K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

19.6K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
19.6K
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

15.8K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
15.8K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

14.3K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
14.3K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

19.4K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
19.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Global and Regional Impact of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Females Across All Age Groups (1990-2021) with Projections to 2046: Findings from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

International journal of women's health·2026
Same author

Diastereodivergent Hydroamidation of Methylenecyclohexanes With Differentiated Active Catalytic Species.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A novel cartilage-based reference point for the recurrent laryngeal nerve: implication for preoperative risk stratification in posterior subcapsular thyroid tumors.

World journal of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

SLAF-seq efficiently identifies SNP markers for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement.

BMC genomics·2026
Same author

One-dimensional rough magnetic nanochains as magnetically actuated mechano-antibacterial materials.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Vaginal Escherichia coli infection impairs ovarian homeostasis: phenotypic characterization and mechanistic insights.

Molecular human reproduction·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
11:20

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Published on: August 15, 2018

8.9K

Superconducting and Superhard Ice.

Qianqian Lu1,2, Jinjin Li1,2

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers computationally discovered that specific ice structures can exhibit both superhard and superconducting properties at extreme pressures. This finding advances the development of novel materials for high-energy physics and fusion research.

Keywords:
ice structuresphase transitionsuperconducting icesuperhard iceterapascal pressure

More Related Videos

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

3.1K
Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
11:20

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Published on: August 15, 2018

8.9K
Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

3.1K
Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
04:51

Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride

Published on: July 8, 2021

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Superconducting and superhard materials are critical for numerous scientific and industrial applications.
  • The coexistence of superconductivity (zero electrical resistance) and superhardness (resistance to deformation) in a single material is rare due to differing bonding requirements.
  • Understanding the interplay between crystal structure, composition, and microstructure is key to discovering such materials, but experimental investigation is complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a general ab initio computational method for studying ice phases under extreme pressure.
  • To predict phase transitions and identify potential superconducting and superhard properties in ice structures.
  • To quantitatively analyze the behavior of ice at terapascal pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ab initio computational methods to simulate three distinct ice crystal structures (Pmc21, P21, and C2/m).
  • Calculated phase transitions and material properties under terapascal pressures.
  • Predicted the conditions under which ice structures exhibit superhard and superconducting characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Predicted that ice structures P21 and C2/m become superhard above 1.3 terapascals (TPa).
  • Identified the C2/m ice structure as a superconductor above 5.0 TPa, with a predicted critical temperature of 1.782 Kelvin.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using computational methods to explore complex material properties.

Conclusions:

  • Computational modeling successfully predicted the emergence of superhard and superconducting properties in ice under extreme pressures.
  • The findings provide a pathway for the development of novel superconducting and superhard materials.
  • This research supports applications in high energy physics and fusion energy by offering insights into low-temperature superconductors.