Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

3.4K
The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
3.4K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

13.8K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
13.8K
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

14.1K
Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
14.1K
Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

2.1K
Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
2.1K
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.1K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
4.1K
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

8.3K
The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Oral Cancer Numerical Index (OCNI): Development and Validation of a Cytology-Based Risk Assessment for Oral Lesions.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Combined electrospun fibre-microneedle patches for enhanced transmucosal delivery of benzodiazepines and proteins.

Biomaterials science·2026
Same author

A survey on providers' views on utilization of dental hygienists and dental therapists delivering periodontal care in the South West of England.

BDJ open·2025
Same author

pH-Responsive Diblock Copolymer Vesicles via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Aqueous Media: Synthesis, Loading, and Potential Biological Applications.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Bioactive Protein and Peptide Release from a Mucoadhesive Electrospun Membrane.

Biomedical materials & devices (New York, N.Y.)·2024
Same author

Identification of a Czc-like operon of the periodontal pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in metal ion efflux.

Anaerobe·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells
12:16

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

26.9K

Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Increase Vascular Permeability.

C Farrugia1, G P Stafford1, C Murdoch1

  • 1School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) increase vascular permeability and disease. Gingipains on OMVs are key, likely by degrading cell adhesion molecules like PECAM-1, linking periodontitis to systemic vascular issues.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseaseendothelial cellsinfectionperiodontal diseasevascular diseasezebrafish

More Related Videos

Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro
08:41

Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro

Published on: March 28, 2025

1.0K
A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

18.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells
12:16

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

26.9K
Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro
08:41

Organotypic Tissue Model Systems for Investigating Host-Pathogen Interactions In Vitro

Published on: March 28, 2025

1.0K
A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
09:52

A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites

Published on: August 8, 2014

18.0K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Periodontitis, a gum disease, is linked to systemic conditions like cardiovascular disease.
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key bacterium in periodontitis, with its presence in circulation associated with vascular problems.
  • The role of P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in vascular interactions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of P. gingivalis OMVs on endothelial cells and vascular integrity.
  • To determine the role of gingipains, specific enzymes from P. gingivalis, in OMV-mediated vascular effects.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of OMVs from wild-type and gingipain-deficient P. gingivalis strains.
  • Assessment of endothelial cell permeability using dextran assays.
  • Evaluation of vascular disease in a zebrafish larvae model.
  • Analysis of PECAM-1 (CD31) expression on human microvascular endothelial cells via flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • P. gingivalis OMVs significantly increased endothelial cell permeability and vascular disease in zebrafish.
  • Gingipain-deficient OMVs showed reduced effects on vascular permeability and disease.
  • OMVs decreased PECAM-1 (CD31) levels on endothelial cells in a gingipain-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • P. gingivalis OMVs promote vascular permeability and contribute to systemic disease.
  • Gingipains on the OMV surface are crucial mediators of these vascular effects, likely through proteolytic cleavage of adhesion molecules like PECAM-1.
  • This study highlights the role of bacterial OMVs in mediating systemic diseases associated with periodontitis.