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Piriform cortex alterations in the Ts65Dn model for down syndrome.

Josep Carbonell1, José Miguel Blasco-Ibáñez1, Carlos Crespo1

  • 1Cell Biology Department, Universitat de València, ERI Biotecmed, Spain.

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|July 30, 2020
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Summary

Down Syndrome (DS) alters the piriform cortex, impacting olfactory processing. This study reveals reduced dendritic branching and altered synaptic balance in Ts65Dn mice, suggesting impaired plasticity.

Keywords:
Down syndromePSA-NCAMPiriform cortexPostsynaptic elementsPresynaptic terminalsStructural plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The piriform cortex is vital for olfactory processing and implicated in epilepsy and Alzheimer's Disease.
  • Down Syndrome (DS) is associated with altered olfactory function and increased risk for neurological conditions.
  • The Ts65Dn mouse model partially recapitulates genetic and phenotypic aspects of Down Syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuronal morphology, synaptology, and structural plasticity in the piriform cortex of the Ts65Dn mouse model.
  • To identify cellular and synaptic alterations in the piriform cortex relevant to Down Syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electron microscopy and confocal microscopy to analyze neuronal structures.
  • Quantified dendritic arborization, synapse density (GAD67, vGLUT1), and postsynaptic puncta (gephyrin).
  • Assessed immature neurons and PSA-NCAM expression to evaluate structural plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Ts65Dn mice exhibited reduced dendritic arborization and fewer immature neurons in the piriform cortex.
  • Observed an increased density of inhibitory synapses (GAD67) and decreased excitatory synapses (vGLUT1).
  • Found higher gephyrin puncta density and larger excitatory synaptic elements, with reduced PSA-NCAM expression, indicating impaired plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • The piriform cortex in Ts65Dn mice shows dendritic atrophy and an imbalanced excitation-inhibition ratio.
  • These alterations suggest impaired structural plasticity, potentially underlying olfactory deficits in Down Syndrome.
  • Findings provide a cellular basis for olfactory processing impairments observed in individuals with Down Syndrome.