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The Contribution of Neutrophils to the Pathogenesis of RSV Bronchiolitis

Ismail Sebina1, Simon Phipps1

  • 1Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston 4006, Australia.

Viruses
|July 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is a major infant health issue. This review explores the role of neutrophils in RSV bronchiolitis and discusses targeted therapies for severe disease.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute viral bronchiolitis, primarily caused by RSV, is a leading cause of infant hospitalization and mortality globally.
  • It is also linked to the development of chronic lung conditions like asthma later in life.
  • Current treatments are limited as a vaccine against RSV remains unavailable, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex roles of neutrophils in host defense and antiviral immunity.
  • To examine the contribution of neutrophils to the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis.
  • To discuss the potential of targeting neutrophil functions as a therapeutic approach for severe RSV bronchiolitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on neutrophils, RSV, and bronchiolitis.
  • Analysis of the dual role of neutrophils in both protective immunity and disease exacerbation.
  • Discussion of potential therapeutic targets related to neutrophil effector functions.

Main Results:

  • Neutrophilic inflammation is a consistent feature in both mild and severe cases of infant bronchiolitis.
  • The precise beneficial and harmful effects of neutrophils in RSV bronchiolitis pathogenesis are not fully understood.
  • Neutrophils play multifaceted roles in host defense against viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate roles of neutrophils is crucial for developing effective treatments for RSV bronchiolitis.
  • Targeting specific neutrophil functions may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for severe cases.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which neutrophils influence bronchiolitis severity.

Keywords:
PVMRSVbronchiolitischemokinescytokinesinflammationinnate immunitymucosal immunologyneutrophilsrespiratory viruses

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