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Almond Anthracnose: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives.

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Summary

Almond anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum fungi, is a significant and re-emerging disease affecting almond crops globally. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its causes, spread, and control strategies.

Keywords:
Colletotrichum spp., epidemiologyPrunus dulciscausal agentsetiologymanagement strategies

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Almond anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease in global almond production.
  • It is re-emerging in Mediterranean regions due to shifting cultivation practices and favorable environmental conditions.
  • The disease primarily impacts young almond fruits, causing characteristic lesions and potential branch dieback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and consolidate current knowledge on almond anthracnose.
  • To cover the etiology, epidemiology, and management strategies for this disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on almond anthracnose.
  • Synthesis of information on pathogen identification, disease cycles, and environmental factors.
  • Compilation of current and potential management practices.

Main Results:

  • Colletotrichum spp. are identified as the causal agents of almond anthracnose.
  • Disease epidemiology is influenced by climate, soil, and topography, leading to its re-emergence.
  • Significant economic losses occur during epidemic years due to premature fruit drop and branch drying.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management strategies are crucial to mitigate economic losses from almond anthracnose.
  • Further research is needed to address the re-emerging nature of this disease in new regions.
  • Integrated approaches combining cultural, biological, and chemical controls may be necessary.