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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Chuzhen Therapy as a Non-Invasive Traditional Chinese Therapy for Neck Pain
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Headache and neck.

Fabio Antonaci1, Levent Ertuğrul Inan2

  • 1Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, Dept. of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|July 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnostic criteria for cervicogenic headache (CEH) need refinement. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria require modification for improved sensitivity and specificity in identifying CEH.

Keywords:
Cervicogenic headacheclassificationdiagnostic criteria neck pain

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Cervicogenic headache (CEH) diagnosis relies on varied criteria.
  • The current International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 3rd edition (2018) lacks sufficient validated studies for clinical and research use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose modifications to the ICHD criteria for CEH.
  • Enhance the sensitivity and specificity of CEH classification as a secondary headache.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CEH diagnostic criteria.
  • Analysis of proposed improvements for ICHD criteria B, C1, C2, and C3.

Main Results:

  • Existing literature suggests current CEH classification needs improvement.
  • Specific criteria like mechanical pain provocation, unilateral pain, and referred pain patterns are recommended for inclusion.

Conclusions:

  • The ICHD criteria for CEH require modification to improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Incorporating specific clinical features will enhance the classification of CEH as a secondary headache.