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Melioidosis: distinctive clinico-epidemiological characteristics in southern India

Aneesh Basheer1, Nayyar Iqbal2, Sheeladevi C3

  • 1Professor, Department of General Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, India.

Tropical Doctor
|July 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Melioidosis, a serious bacterial infection, is increasingly reported in India. This study highlights diverse presentations and risk factors like diabetes and alcohol abuse, with pneumonia and interrupted treatment linked to high mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Melioidosis (caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei) is an emerging infectious disease in India.
  • Risk factors such as diabetes and alcohol abuse are prevalent.
  • Diverse clinical manifestations, including skin, soft tissue, and neurological involvement, are observed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features of culture-proven melioidosis in South India.
  • To identify risk factors, treatment patterns, and outcomes, including mortality.
  • To determine factors associated with mortality in melioidosis patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study conducted between 2014 and 2018.
  • Inclusion of 31 patients with culture-proven melioidosis.
  • Analysis of clinical data, laboratory results, risk factors, treatments, and 3- and 6-month outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes (83.9%) and alcohol abuse (58.1%) were common risk factors.
  • Musculoskeletal, skin, and soft tissue infections (48.4%) and pneumonia (29%) were frequent presentations.
  • High mortality rate (25.8%) was associated with pneumonia and lack of continuation treatment.

Conclusions:

  • India harbors endemic 'hot spots' for melioidosis.
  • Melioidosis presents with significant diversity, affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Effective continuation treatment is crucial to reduce mortality in melioidosis patients.
Keywords:
Burkholderia pseudomalleiepidemiologymortalitypneumonia

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