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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children: An Update.

Divyani Garg¹, Shekeeb S Mohammad², Suvasini Sharma³

¹Department of Neurology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatrics

|July 31, 2020

Summary

Autoimmune encephalitis is a treatable cause of neurological disorders in children. Early diagnosis and immunomodulatory treatment improve outcomes for pediatric autoimmune encephalitis, particularly anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Immunology
Neuroscience

Background:

Autoimmune encephalitis is a significant, treatable cause of encephalopathy, epilepsy, and movement disorders in children.
Increasing recognition of autoimmune encephalitis in pediatric populations.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most prevalent form.

Purpose of the Study:

To review clinical syndromes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of autoimmune encephalitis in children.
To provide an overview of current understanding and management strategies for pediatric autoimmune encephalitis.

Main Methods:

MEDLINE search from 1998-2019 using terms related to autoimmune encephalitis in children.
Inclusion of various study types: reviews, guidelines, RCTs, cohort studies, case series, and reports.
Application of 'Human' and 'English' limits.

Main Results:

Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis presents with diverse symptoms including behavioral changes, psychosis, seizures, and neurocognitive deficits.
Diagnosis relies on clinical history, MRI, CSF analysis, and autoantibody serology.
Early immunomodulatory treatment and maintenance therapy are crucial for better outcomes.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune encephalitis is an increasingly diagnosed condition in children, with anti-NMDAR encephalitis being the most common.
Prompt diagnosis and timely immunomodulatory treatment are associated with improved prognosis.
Prognosis is variable and depends on the specific clinical syndrome.