[COVID-19 pneumonia]

Area of Science:

• Pulmonary Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Radiology

Background:

• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a significant global health concern, with respiratory system involvement being primary.
• Severe pneumonia is a common and prognostically important manifestation of COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.
• To discuss pathophysiology, symptomatology, and radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia.
• To elucidate differences from classic acute respiratory distress syndrome and their treatment implications.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on COVID-19 pulmonary disease.
• Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms, including alveolar and vascular endothelium injury.
• Analysis of diagnostic methods: PCR, laboratory findings, and advanced imaging.
• Description of clinical presentation in three phases.
• Overview of treatment strategies: supportive care, ventilation, and pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

• COVID-19 pneumonia involves complex acute lung injury, potentially leading to severe respiratory failure.
• Distinct pathophysiological features differentiate it from classic acute respiratory distress syndrome.
• Characteristic radiological findings aid in diagnosis and grading of pneumonia severity.
• Phased symptom progression and specific laboratory markers are observed.
• Effective treatments include supportive care, ventilation, thrombosis prevention, and targeted therapies like remdesivir and dexamethasone.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the multifaceted nature of COVID-19 pneumonia is crucial for effective patient management.
• Radiological and clinical features, alongside pathophysiological insights, guide diagnosis and treatment.
• A combination of supportive, intensive care, and pharmacological interventions improves outcomes for severe COVID-19 respiratory disease.