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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

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The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
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Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
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A perspective on the early days of RAS research.

Robin A Weiss1

  • 1Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. r.weiss@ucl.ac.uk.

Cancer Metastasis Reviews
|July 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The RAS oncogene family, including H-RAS, K-RAS, and N-RAS, originated from rat sarcoma studies. These genes are crucial in cell signaling and cancer development.

Keywords:
Alan HallChris MarshallDNA transfectionOncogeneRasRetrovirusSignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The RAS oncogene family, comprising HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS, was named after its discovery in rat sarcoma viruses in the 1960s.
  • Early research identified transforming retroviruses and cellular RAS sequences with oncogenic properties in rodent and human tumors.
  • The discovery of RAS oncogenes marked a significant step in understanding cancer genetics.

Discussion:

  • Pioneering work by Christopher Marshall and Alan Hall elucidated the functions of RAS proteins in signal transduction.
  • RAS and related small GTPases play critical roles in regulating cell structure and behavior.
  • Dysregulation of RAS pathways is implicated in the development and progression of various cancers.

Key Insights:

  • The historical journey of RAS oncogene discovery spans from viral studies to human tumor genetics.
  • RAS proteins are central regulators of intracellular signaling pathways controlling cell growth and differentiation.
  • Understanding RAS function is vital for developing targeted cancer therapies.

Outlook:

  • Continued research into RAS signaling pathways may reveal new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
  • Investigating the complex interactions of RAS and related GTPases will further refine our understanding of cell biology.
  • The RAS family remains a key focus in oncology research due to its fundamental role in malignant transformation.