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An atlas on risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Shuai Yuan1, Ying Xiong2, Susanna C Larsson3,4
1Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
This study identified several modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). Key findings include associations with body mass index, physical activity, vitamin D, and infections, informing public health strategies for MS prevention.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with complex etiology.
- Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for primary prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) study on risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To identify potential targets for public health interventions aimed at MS prevention.
Main Methods:
- Wide-angled Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study data (14,498 cases, 24,091 controls).
- Systematic review for 18 exposures not suitable for MR analysis, incorporating latest meta-analyses evidence.
- Assessment of 65 potential risk factors for their association with MS.
Main Results:
- Positive associations found between childhood/adulthood body mass index and MS risk.
- Inverse associations observed for physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with MS.
- Potential associations identified for type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, body fat percentage, puberty timing, HDL cholesterol, organic solvent exposure, viral infections (EBV, CMV), and vaccinations (diphtheria, tetanus).
Conclusions:
- Several modifiable risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS) have been identified.
- Findings provide evidence to inform public health policy for the primary prevention of MS.
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