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Technique for Isolation and Culture of Rat Jaw Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Predifferentiated Gingival Stem Cell-Induced Bone Regeneration in Rat Alveolar Bone Defect Model.

Umadevi Kandalam1, Toshihisa Kawai1, Geeta Ravindran2,3

  • 1Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|July 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with a hydrogel scaffold and bone morphogenetic protein 2 significantly regenerate maxillary alveolar bone defects in rats. This cell-based therapy shows promise for craniofacial bone repair.

Keywords:
bone regenerationcleft alveoluscritical size defecthuman gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cellshydrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Craniofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Cleft alveolus is a common maxillary bone defect affecting 1 in 700 live births.
  • Current treatments like bone grafts carry potential complications.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human gingiva (GMSCs) show promise for bone regeneration due to their differentiation capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the bone regenerative efficacy of predifferentiated GMSCs (dGMSCs).
  • To assess the combination of dGMSCs with PuraMatrix™ (PM) hydrogel and/or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2).
  • To test this combination in a rodent model of critical size maxillary alveolar bone defect.

Main Methods:

  • A 7x1x1 mm critical size maxillary alveolar defect was created in athymic nude rats.
  • Defects were treated with PM/BMP2, PM/dGMSCs, or PM/dGMSCs/BMP2.
  • Bone regeneration was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks using microcomputed tomography and histology.

Main Results:

  • No spontaneous bone healing was observed in untreated defects.
  • The PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 group demonstrated significant bone regeneration compared to individual treatments.
  • Enhanced bone formation was evident at both 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of predifferentiated GMSCs, PM hydrogel, and BMP2 is effective for alveolar bone regeneration.
  • This therapeutic approach shows potential for treating craniofacial bone defects in humans.
  • Further development could lead to improved outcomes for patients with cleft alveolus.