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Predifferentiated Gingival Stem Cell-Induced Bone Regeneration in Rat Alveolar Bone Defect Model
Umadevi Kandalam1, Toshihisa Kawai1, Geeta Ravindran2,3
1Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
Tissue Engineering. Part A
|July 31, 2020
Summary
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with a hydrogel scaffold and bone morphogenetic protein 2 significantly regenerate maxillary alveolar bone defects in rats. This cell-based therapy shows promise for craniofacial bone repair.
Area of Science:
- Regenerative Medicine
- Biomaterials Science
- Craniofacial Surgery
Background:
- Cleft alveolus is a common maxillary bone defect affecting 1 in 700 live births.
- Current treatments like bone grafts carry potential complications.
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human gingiva (GMSCs) show promise for bone regeneration due to their differentiation capacity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the bone regenerative efficacy of predifferentiated GMSCs (dGMSCs).
- To assess the combination of dGMSCs with PuraMatrix™ (PM) hydrogel and/or bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2).
- To test this combination in a rodent model of critical size maxillary alveolar bone defect.
Main Methods:
- A 7x1x1 mm critical size maxillary alveolar defect was created in athymic nude rats.
- Defects were treated with PM/BMP2, PM/dGMSCs, or PM/dGMSCs/BMP2.
- Bone regeneration was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks using microcomputed tomography and histology.
Main Results:
- No spontaneous bone healing was observed in untreated defects.
- The PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 group demonstrated significant bone regeneration compared to individual treatments.
- Enhanced bone formation was evident at both 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery.
Conclusions:
- The combination of predifferentiated GMSCs, PM hydrogel, and BMP2 is effective for alveolar bone regeneration.
- This therapeutic approach shows potential for treating craniofacial bone defects in humans.
- Further development could lead to improved outcomes for patients with cleft alveolus.
