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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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CRISPR/cas systems redefine nucleic acid detection: Principles and methods.

Meng Wang1, Rui Zhang1, Jinming Li1

  • 1National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, PR China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|July 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-Cas systems offer rapid, sensitive, and specific nucleic acid analysis for disease diagnostics. This review comprehensively classifies and discusses these tools, highlighting their potential in point-of-care settings.

Keywords:
Biosensing assaysCRISPRDNA sequencingImaging assaysNucleic acid detection

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nucleic acid analysis is crucial for disease diagnostics and treatment.
  • CRISPR-Cas systems are increasingly repurposed for diagnostic applications due to their specificity and sensitivity.
  • Existing reviews often focus narrowly on biosensing, necessitating a broader overview.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive classification and discussion of CRISPR-based diagnostic tools.
  • To explore recent advancements beyond classical biosensing applications.
  • To outline current challenges and future perspectives in CRISPR diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on CRISPR-based diagnostic tools.
  • Classification of tools based on their detection principles.
  • Discussion of applications including biosensing, imaging, and target enrichment for next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 variants are used in biosensing, imaging, and NGS target enrichment.
  • Cas12 and Cas13 proteins enable rapid, portable diagnostics with potential for point-of-care use.
  • A new perspective on classification based on detection principles is presented.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-based diagnostics offer flexible, sensitive, and specific solutions for various applications.
  • The field is rapidly evolving with significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • Addressing current challenges is key to realizing the full potential of CRISPR diagnostics.