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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation

Published on: January 7, 2021

Normal human brainstem development in vivo: a quantitative fetal MRI study.

G O Dovjak¹, V Schmidbauer¹, P C Brugger²

¹Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

|July 31, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fetal brainstem substructures show distinct growth patterns, with the pons increasing and midbrain decreasing in proportion from 15 to 40 weeks gestation. This research provides crucial reference data for diagnosing hindbrain segmentation disorders.

Keywords:

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging brainstem brainstem planimetry fetal MRI hindbrain malformation neurodevelopment posterior fossa

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Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation

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Published on: January 7, 2021

High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain

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Whole-Brain Single-Cell Imaging and Analysis of Intact Neonatal Mouse Brains Using MRI, Tissue Clearing, and Light-Sheet Microscopy

Whole-Brain Single-Cell Imaging and Analysis of Intact Neonatal Mouse Brains Using MRI, Tissue Clearing, and Light-Sheet Microscopy

Published on: August 1, 2022

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Neuroimaging
Fetal medicine

Background:

Prenatal growth characterization of brainstem substructures and cerebellum is essential for identifying developmental abnormalities.
Understanding spatiotemporal growth differences aids in diagnosing congenital hindbrain disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize spatiotemporal growth differences of prenatal brainstem substructures and cerebellum.
To establish reference data for fetal brainstem and cerebellum measurements using fetal MRI.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 161 fetuses with normal brain MRI.
Linear biometry and planimetry applied to midsagittal T2-weighted fetal MRI scans.
Quantification of midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellar vermis dimensions and areas.

Main Results:

Consistent measurements achieved with high interobserver reliability (ICC=0.933).
Significant linear growth patterns observed for most parameters, with a quadratic relationship for vermian area.
Relative pons area increased while midbrain area decreased significantly between the second and third trimesters.

Conclusions:

Fetal brainstem substructures exhibit distinct spatiotemporal growth patterns, with relative pons expansion and midbrain reduction.
Provided reference data can enhance diagnostic accuracy for hindbrain segmentation disorders.
Early second-trimester fetal brainstem proportions differ significantly from adult morphology, requiring careful interpretation.