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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection in Children with Pre-Existing Heart Disease

Megan Simpson1, Catherine Collins2, Dustin B Nash3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|July 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, especially infants, are vulnerable to severe outcomes from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study highlights the critical risk of acute decompensation and mortality in pediatric CHD patients with COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a significant global health burden.
  • The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pediatric populations with CHD is not well-defined.
  • Understanding COVID-19's effects in this vulnerable group is crucial for clinical management.

Observation:

  • This case series reports on 7 children diagnosed with both CHD and COVID-19.
  • A majority of the cases (5 out of 7) involved infants under one year of age.
  • Three pediatric patients presented with atrioventricular canal defect and trisomy 21.

Findings:

  • All 7 children with CHD and COVID-19 experienced acute decompensation.
  • One case resulted in mortality, an 18-year-old with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and multiple comorbidities.
  • Infants and those with complex cardiac anomalies and genetic conditions appear at higher risk.

Implications:

  • COVID-19 poses a severe threat to children with congenital heart disease, particularly infants.
  • Prompt recognition and management of COVID-19 in pediatric CHD patients are essential.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific risk factors and optimize treatment strategies for this population.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2congenital heart diseasecoronavirus disease 2019

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