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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

6.1K
Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
6.1K
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

3.6K
The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
3.6K
Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

14.4K
The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons are bound...
14.4K
Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

8.0K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
8.0K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

22.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
22.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

725
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
725

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
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Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin

Published on: July 30, 2014

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Nuclear actin: The new normal.

Leonid Serebryannyy1, Primal de Lanerolle1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.

Mutation Research
|July 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear actin, once controversial, is now recognized for vital roles in transcription, DNA repair, and nuclear organization. This review details its functions, regulation, and involvement in DNA double-strand break repair.

Keywords:
Chromatin remodelingDNA damage repairIntranuclear mobilityNuclear actinPost-translational modificationsTranscription

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All-optical Mechanobiology Interrogation of Yes-associated Protein in Human Cancer and Normal Cells using a Multi-functional System
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A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology
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Related Experiment Videos

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All-optical Mechanobiology Interrogation of Yes-associated Protein in Human Cancer and Normal Cells using a Multi-functional System
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A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Historically, the presence and function of actin within the cell nucleus were debated.
  • Emerging evidence now firmly establishes actin's critical physiological roles inside the nucleus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical context and current understanding of nuclear actin.
  • To explore the mechanisms regulating nuclear actin dynamics, including transport and modification.
  • To discuss the specific role of nuclear actin in DNA double-strand break repair.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing decades of research on nuclear actin.
  • Analysis of studies investigating actin's involvement in transcription and chromatin remodeling.
  • Examination of research on nuclear actin import/export and post-translational modifications.

Main Results:

  • Actin participates in fundamental nuclear processes such as transcription and chromatin remodeling.
  • Specific mechanisms governing actin's nuclear localization and activity are being elucidated.
  • Nuclear actin plays a significant role in the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear actin is essential for normal cellular function and genome integrity.
  • Further research into nuclear actin regulation and function promises new insights into cell biology and disease.
  • The role of nuclear actin in DNA repair pathways is a key area for future investigation.