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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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The electron affinity of astatine.

David Leimbach1,2,3, Julia Karls4, Yangyang Guo5

  • 1CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. davidleimbach@posteo.de.

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|August 1, 2020
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Summary

The electron affinity (EA) of astatine was measured for the first time, yielding 2.41578(7) eV. This crucial data aids cancer therapy research and opens doors for studying other radioelements.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Radiopharmaceutical Science

Background:

  • Electron affinity (EA) is a fundamental property governing chemical behavior.
  • Astatine's EA was previously unknown, hindering understanding of its chemical properties.
  • The isotope 211At is vital for targeted radionuclide cancer therapy, involving the At- anion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the electron affinity of astatine.
  • To provide critical data for astatine chemistry and its applications in medicine.
  • To establish a method for measuring EA of other radioelements.

Main Methods:

  • Laser-photodetachment spectroscopy of the radioisotope astatine.
  • Comparison of experimental results with advanced relativistic quantum mechanical calculations.
  • Inclusion of Breit, quantum electrodynamics (QED) corrections, and electron-electron correlation effects in calculations.

Main Results:

  • The electron affinity of astatine was measured to be 2.41578(7) eV.
  • Experimental data aligns with sophisticated theoretical calculations.
  • The study demonstrates a novel technique for EA measurement of radioisotopes.

Conclusions:

  • The determined EA of astatine is crucial for its use in targeted cancer therapy.
  • The developed laser-photodetachment spectroscopy technique is applicable to other radioelements.
  • This work advances the study of fundamental properties of rare and radioactive elements.