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Traditional Japanese Kampo herbal medicines, such as Hochuekkito, Juzentaihoto, and Rikkunshito, show significant efficacy in treating cachexia by improving weight loss, fatigue, and overall health. Further research is needed to explore these multi-component therapies for Western markets.

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Area of Science:

  • Herbal Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Geriatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Western medicine lacks approved pharmacotherapy for cachexia.
  • Japanese Kampo medicine utilizes multi-component herbal extracts for cachexia treatment, covered by national health insurance.
  • Traditional preparations like Hochuekkito, Juzentaihoto, and Rikkunshito have extensive clinical data for cachexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of traditional Japanese herbal preparations on cachexia.
  • To evaluate the potential of Kampo medicine as a multi-target therapy for cachexia.
  • To assess the feasibility of introducing these East Asian treatments to the European market.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review of scientific articles, including original Japanese research, on the effects of Hochuekkito, Juzentaihoto, and Rikkunshito on cachexia.
  • Analysis of clinical data on patient outcomes, including weight loss, fatigue, survival rates, and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • Hochuekkito demonstrated efficacy in improving weight loss and fatigue in cancer patients and geriatric patients, and increased body weight while decreasing inflammatory markers in COPD patients.
  • Juzentaihoto was associated with significantly longer recurrence-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
  • Rikkunshito showed significant body weight increase in geriatric patients with dementia and prolonged median survival in pancreatic cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • Kampo herbal medicines offer a promising multi-component, multi-target therapeutic approach for cachexia, with potential for Western market integration.
  • Herbal compounds in these preparations modulate pathways like mTOR, interleukin, and melatonin, counteracting cachexia.
  • Further research is essential to develop new and effective cachexia treatments based on these traditional East Asian remedies.