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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Antigen Cross-Presentation by Macrophages.

Elke M Muntjewerff1, Luca D Meesters1, Geert van den Bogaart1,2

  • 1Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Immunology
|August 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Macrophages, like dendritic cells, can present antigens to activate CD8+ T cells. This macrophage antigen cross-presentation is crucial for immune responses against infections and tumors, offering new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
T-cell activationantigen cross-presentationcytosolic pathwayintracellular pathogensmacrophagestumor immune responsesvacuolar pathway

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are known for antigen cross-presentation to activate CD8+ T lymphocytes.
  • Recent studies reveal that other immune cells, especially macrophages, also possess cross-presentation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review in vitro and in vivo evidence of macrophage antigen cross-presentation.
  • To discuss the implications of macrophage cross-presentation in immune responses and potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of in vitro and in vivo studies on macrophage cross-presentation.
  • Analysis of evidence from various tissue origins including blood, tumors, and lymphoid tissues.

Main Results:

  • Tissue-resident macrophages utilize similar cellular pathways as DCs for antigen cross-presentation.
  • Macrophage cross-presentation is observed across diverse antigen types and tissue origins.
  • The precise physiological role of macrophage cross-presentation in CD8+ T lymphocyte activation remains under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophage cross-presentation is a well-established phenomenon, potentially contributing to naive and memory CD8+ T cell responses.
  • Pro-inflammatory macrophages may prime or reactivate CD8+ T cells, while anti-inflammatory macrophages might induce immune tolerance.
  • Targeting macrophage cross-presentation presents a promising avenue for developing novel anti-tumor and anti-viral therapies.