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The shear center of a channel section with uniform thickness, height, and width, is determined by computing the shear force in the member and calculating the moments of inertia of the sections.
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Anticipating local flaps closed-form solution on 3D face models using finite element method.

Zhenli Kwan1, Nur Nadirah Khairu Najhan2, Yat Huang Yau2

  • 1Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
|August 1, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed 3D computational models of Asian facial skin flaps for male and female patients. The models simulate wound closure biomechanics, revealing gender-based differences in stress distribution during flap surgery.

Keywords:
deformationfacial reconstructionfinite element analysishyperelasticvon Mises stresswound closure

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Computational Modeling
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Realistic three-dimensional (3D) computational models are crucial for understanding skin flap biomechanics.
  • Existing models often lack gender-specific anatomical details and focus on 2D or planar geometries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a realistic 3D computational model of skin flap closures using Asian-like head templates for both male and female genders.
  • To analyze the biomechanics of local flap designs (advancement, rotation, rhomboid) and their gender-specific effects on wound closure.

Main Methods:

  • Created 3D Asian head templates for male and female models.
  • Utilized a third-order Yeoh hyperelastic model for skin material properties.
  • Simulated wound closure using advancement, rotation, and rhomboid flaps on models with fixed defect sizes.

Main Results:

  • Rotation and rhomboid flaps showed maximal tension at the apex in both genders; advancement flaps showed similar patterns in females but differed in males.
  • Deformation patterns and peak tensions aligned with conventional local flap surgery outcomes.
  • Male models exhibited significantly higher stresses (70.34% mean difference) compared to female models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 3D computational model realistically simulates skin flap closures and their biomechanics.
  • Significant gender-based differences in stress distribution exist, with male models experiencing higher stresses.
  • The study provides valuable insights into gender-specific considerations for local flap designs in Asian populations.