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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.5K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

6.4K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.4K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

7.1K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
7.1K
Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

20.6K
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
20.6K
Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

5.6K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.6K
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

19.3K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
19.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

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Main-Group Metallocenophanes.

Lisa Wirtz1, André Schäfer1

  • 1Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ansa-metallocenes, or metallocenophanes, feature bridged ligands and exhibit unique properties compared to unbridged compounds. This review highlights recent advancements in main-group element metallocenophanes, focusing on synthesis, structure, and properties.

Keywords:
ansa-metallocenescyclopentadienyl compoundsmain-group elementsmetallocenesmetallocenophanes

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Main-Group Chemistry

Background:

  • Metallocenes with bridged cyclopentadienide ligands are known as ansa-metallocenes or metallocenophanes.
  • These bridged structures can significantly alter chemical and physical properties compared to their unbridged counterparts.
  • While well-established for transition metals, the concept extends to main-group elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in metallocenophanes incorporating main-group elements.
  • Focus on elements from Group 2, 13, 14, and 15.
  • Summarize synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, and observed properties.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on main-group metallocenophanes.
  • Analysis of synthetic routes and characterization data.
  • Compilation of structure-property relationships.

Main Results:

  • Significant advances in the synthesis of metallocenophanes based on Mg, Ca (Group 2), B, Al (Group 13), Si, Ge, Sn (Group 14), and P, As, Sb (Group 15).
  • Diverse structural motifs and coordination behaviors observed.
  • Tuning of electronic and steric properties through ligand design and metal choice.

Conclusions:

  • Metallocenophanes offer a versatile platform for exploring main-group element chemistry.
  • These compounds exhibit tunable properties relevant to catalysis and materials science.
  • Continued research promises novel applications for main-group metallocenophanes.