Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

1.0K
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
1.0K
Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

419
Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
419
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

1.7K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
1.7K
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

283
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
283

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conversion of Rice Husk into Silicon Carbide Nanowires for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications.

Applied biochemistry and biotechnology·2026
Same author

AI-guided 3D bioprinting of multi-drug-loaded chitosan methacrylate hydrogels for personalized diabetic ulcer repair.

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society·2026
Same author

Silicon Carbide Derived from Chicken Manure for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Sensing Properties.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Latitude- and temperature-based optimization of beam-down solar central receiver systems.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Monte-Carlo ray tracing simulation of view factors for diffuse solar radiation determination in cylindrical photobioreactor arrays for microalgae cultivation.

Bioresource technology·2025
Same author

Heterocyclic Group Functionalized Siloxane-Based Polymers for Interruption of pH-Dependent Marine Settlement.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
15:19

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Published on: October 15, 2015

10.0K

Incinerated Sewage Sludge Bottom Ash- Chemical processing, Leaching patterns and Toxicity testing.

Arun Kumar Prabhakar1, Babu Cadiam Mohan2, Teresa Stephanie Tay3

  • 1NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower #15-02, 138602, Singapore.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|August 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Sewage sludge bottom ash treatment with malonic acid effectively removed heavy metals. However, this acid treatment increased leachate toxicity, highlighting the need for careful post-treatment for safe environmental applications like coastal reclamation.

Keywords:
Acid processingAged sewage sludge incineration ashHeavy metalsLand reclamationMarine and human cell line toxicity

More Related Videos

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
11:14

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Published on: February 21, 2017

12.7K
Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
08:49

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Published on: May 15, 2017

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
15:19

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Published on: October 15, 2015

10.0K
Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
11:14

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

Published on: February 21, 2017

12.7K
Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff
08:49

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Published on: May 15, 2017

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Waste Management
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Sewage sludge bottom ash is a major incineration byproduct.
  • Heavy metal contamination in ash poses environmental risks.
  • Potential applications include land reclamation but require treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate heavy metal removal from sewage sludge bottom ash using organic and inorganic acids.
  • Assess heavy metal leaching and marine toxicity of treated ash.
  • Compare ash toxicity to concrete sand and test human cell line toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of ash with malonic acid (organic) and nitric acid (inorganic).
  • Phosphate treatment for heavy metal fixation.
  • Heavy metal leaching tests at various liquid/solid ratios, salinities, and time points.
  • Marine toxicity assays (leachates) and human cell line toxicity tests.
  • Benchmarking raw ash against concrete sand for marine toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Malonic acid showed superior heavy metal removal compared to nitric acid.
  • Acid-treated ash leachates exhibited higher toxicity; malonic acid treatment was most toxic.
  • Phosphate-treated ash leachate showed similar toxicity to raw ash leachate.
  • Ash leaching saturated at L/S=5 and 24h, with salinity having minor effects.
  • Raw ash showed similar marine toxicity to concrete sand, except in sea urchin assays.
  • Raw ash displayed size- and dose-dependent toxicity to human cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • Post-treatment of sewage sludge bottom ash is crucial for minimizing contaminant leaching.
  • Malonic acid effectively removes heavy metals but increases leachate toxicity.
  • Further research is needed to optimize treatments for safe use in environmental applications.