Related Experiment Videos
Overview of currently available Japanese acellular pertussis vaccines and future problems
Insights
The acellular pertussis diphtheria, tetanus vaccine (APDT) shows reduced serious adverse reactions and fewer pertussis infections. This effective APDT vaccine is recommended for global childhood immunization.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Acellular pertussis diphtheria, tetanus vaccine (APDT) was introduced in Japan in 1981.
- The vaccine contains pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), and agglutinogen (AGG) as key antigens.
- Variations exist in APDT vaccine composition, with two main types differing in PT:FHA ratios and AGG amounts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of two representative types of APDT vaccines.
- To evaluate the safety profile of the APDT vaccine.
- To investigate the antibody protective levels induced by the APDT vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of different APDT vaccine formulations (B type vs. T type).
- Monitoring and documentation of adverse reactions, including local and systemic events.
- Assessment of pertussis infection rates and antibody levels post-vaccination.
Main Results:
- APDT vaccine demonstrated a reduction in serious adverse reactions compared to conventional vaccines.
- A decrease in the incidence of pertussis infections was observed following the introduction of APDT.
- Adverse reactions were primarily local (redness, swelling) with rare febrile cases; no central nervous system events were reported.
Conclusions:
- The APDT vaccine is associated with an improved safety profile.
- The vaccine contributes to a decline in pertussis incidence.
- The study supports the worldwide use of APDT for childhood immunization.
Abstract:
Acellular pertussis diphtheria, tetanus vaccine (APDT) was licensed in 1981 in Japan. This vaccine contains pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and agglutinogen (AGG) as the main protective antigens. The new APDT vaccine produced by each company differs slightly in composition. There are two representative types of vaccine. One vaccine (B type) contains PT and FHA in a ratio of 1 to 1 and the other one (T type) contains PT and FHA in a ratio of 4 to 1 or 9 to 1 and also contains different amounts of AGG. We have been comparing the effectiveness of these two types of vaccine. The adverse reactions of APDT were local reactions such as redness and swelling, with a few febrile cases. No central nervous system adverse reactions were observed. The antibody protective level of this vaccine is also being investigated. After we changed from conventional vaccine to APDT, the frequency of serious adverse reactions was reduced and the number of pertussis infections also gradually decreased. This vaccine should be used for the children world-wide.