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Basic empathy: Developing the concept of empathy from the ground up.

Anthony Vincent Fernandez1, Dan Zahavi2

  • 1Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter 555, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom; Department of Philosophy, Kent State University, P.O. Box 5190, Kent, OH 44242, USA.

International Journal of Nursing Studies
|August 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Defining empathy in nursing is crucial for effective practice. This study proposes a foundational approach to understanding empathy, moving beyond existing ambiguous definitions to foster clearer professional dialogue and application in nursing.

Keywords:
Concept developmentEmpathyNursingPhenomenologyPhilosophy

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Philosophy
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The nursing literature lacks a consensus definition of empathy, hindering productive debate.
  • Existing definitions are ambiguous and heterogeneous, encompassing diverse phenomena.
  • This conceptual disarray impedes understanding empathy's role in nursing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a foundational understanding of empathy in nursing.
  • To propose a method for developing a coherent concept of empathy.
  • To facilitate a more fruitful debate on empathy's application in nursing.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing the history of empathy in nursing literature.
  • Analyzing the distinction between emotional and cognitive empathy.
  • Drawing on phenomenological philosophy (Scheler, Husserl, Stein) for foundational insights.

Main Results:

  • Current distinctions like emotional vs. cognitive empathy are insufficient.
  • Phenomenological philosophy offers a basis for understanding the fundamental nature of empathy.
  • A ground-up conceptual development is needed for clarity.

Conclusions:

  • A clear, foundational definition of empathy is essential for nursing.
  • Revisiting seminal philosophical works can inform a more coherent nursing concept of empathy.
  • This approach aims to resolve conceptual ambiguity and enhance empathy's role in nursing practice.