β-Cyclocitral and derivatives: Emerging molecular signals serving multiple biological functions

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Plant Science
• Microbiology

Background:

• Beta-cyclocitral is a volatile apocarotenoid derived from beta-carotene.
• It has emerged as a bioactive compound across diverse organisms, including plants, cyanobacteria, fungi, and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on the diverse roles of beta-cyclocitral and its derivatives.
• To highlight its functions as a stress signal, signaling molecule, and in inter-species communication.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent scientific findings.
• Analysis of beta-cyclocitral's biochemical pathways and biological functions.

Main Results:

• In vascular plants, beta-cyclocitral and beta-cyclocitric acid act as stress signals, regulating gene expression for acclimation.
• In cyanobacteria, beta-cyclocitral inhibits competing microalgae and deters grazers.
• As a volatile compound, it plays a role in intra- and inter-species communication.

Conclusions:

• Beta-cyclocitral is a versatile molecule with significant roles in stress response and ecological interactions.
• Its functions span from plant acclimation to microbial competition and defense mechanisms.
• Further research into beta-cyclocitral and its derivatives can uncover new applications in various biological systems.