Nanomaterials in the advancement of hydrogen energy storage

The hydrogen economy is the key solution to secure a long-term energy future. Hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and its usage completes the unit of an economic system. These areas have been the topics of discussion for the past few decades. However, its storage methods have conflicted for on-board hydrogen applications. In this review, the promising systems based on solid-state hydrogen storage are discussed. It works generally on the principles of chemisorption and physisorption. The usage of hydrogen packing material in the system enhances volumetric and gravimetric densities of the system and helps in improving ambient conditions and system kinetics. Numerous aspects like pore size, surface area ligand functionalization and pore volume of the materials are intensively discussed. This review also examines the newly developed research based on MOF (Metal-Organic Frameworks). These hybrid clusters are employed for nano-confinement of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. A combination of the various methodologies may give another course to a wide scope in the area of energy storage materials later in the future.