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Nanosized concave pit/convex dot microarray for immunomodulatory osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Siyu Ni¹, Dong Zhai, Zhiguang Huan

¹College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; Donghua University, North Renmin Road 2999, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China.

|August 4, 2020

Summary

Nano-convex dot microarrays promote bone regeneration by guiding macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state, enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This highlights the potential of surface nano-topography in biomaterial design for improved healing.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Immunomodulation
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Biomaterial immunomodulatory properties are crucial for bone regeneration.
Surface nano-topography can influence immune responses, but this 'nano-morphology effect' is poorly understood.
Investigating specific nano-architectures to control immune cells is essential for advanced biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively investigate the interactions of nano-concave pit (NCPit) and nano-convex dot (NCDot) microarrays with macrophages.
To evaluate the immunomodulatory impacts of these microarrays on osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
To establish evidence for designing immunomodulatory biomaterials with tailored microstructures.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of highly ordered NCPit and NCDot microarrays on 316LSS surfaces via anodization and immersion-coating.
Co-culture of microarrays with RAW264.7 macrophages, human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Analysis of macrophage polarization (M1/M2 markers) and gene expression related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Main Results:

NCDot microarrays induced M2 macrophage polarization, characterized by higher anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10, CD 206) and lower pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CD 86) compared to NCPit.
NCDot microarrays significantly upregulated osteogenesis-related genes (Runx2, OPN, OCN) in hBMSCs and angiogenesis-related genes (eNOS, HIF-1α, KDR, VEGF) in HUVECs.
The NCDot-induced immunomodulatory microenvironment promoted both osteogenesis and angiogenesis.

Conclusions:

NCDot microarrays effectively promote osteo- and angiogenic activity by creating a favorable immune microenvironment.
Surface nano-topography, specifically NCDot structures, can be strategically designed to modulate immune responses for enhanced biomaterial performance.
This study provides significant evidence for the rational design of immunomodulatory biomaterials with optimized bioactivity.