Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder in Children and Adolescents within Medical Settings
Karen E Weiss1, Kyle J Steinman2, Ian Kodish3
1Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. karen.weiss@seattlechildrens.org.
Insights
Pediatric functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) is a treatable condition often presenting with unexplained symptoms. This review discusses diagnosis, patient communication, and evidence-based treatments for FNSD in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychology
- Child Neurology
- Behavioral Medicine
Background:
- Pediatric functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD), also known as conversion disorder, is frequently encountered in medical settings.
- Despite being treatable, FNSD is often misunderstood, and research on pediatric treatment is limited.
- Clear guidelines for identifying pediatric patients who will benefit most from specific FNSD treatments are lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of FNSD in pediatric populations.
- To emphasize the significance of prompt and accurate diagnosis of FNSD.
- To outline strategies for communicating FNSD diagnoses to patients and families and present treatment options.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on pediatric FNSD.
- Synthesis of clinical experiences from pediatric psychologists.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for FNSD.
Main Results:
- FNSD is a recognized condition with available treatments, though evidence is still developing.
- Timely diagnosis and clear communication are crucial for effective management.
- Treatment options include approaches supported by preliminary research and expert clinical experience.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric psychologists play a vital role in the multidisciplinary care of FNSD.
- Further research is needed to establish definitive treatment guidelines for pediatric FNSD.
- A combination of accurate diagnosis, sensitive communication, and tailored treatment can improve outcomes for children with FNSD.
Abstract:
Pediatric functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD or conversion disorder) is an often misunderstood but treatable condition that frequently presents in medical settings with unexplained symptoms. Although research regarding treatment of pediatric FNSD is increasing, it is still in its infancy and studies in pediatrics do not provide clear guidelines about which patients are most likely to benefit from various treatments. The role of pediatric psychologists may include consultation, assessment, treatment, program development, and providing education to patients, families, and healthcare colleagues in various disciplines. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of FNSD, discuss the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis, suggest how to present information to patients and families, and present options for treatment that are either supported by preliminary research or clinical experiences of the authors.
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