Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.7K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.7K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

4.6K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.6K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

6.3K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.3K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

1.3K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
1.3K
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

343
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
343
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

323
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
323

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Late recurrent renal cell carcinoma presenting as a solitary gallium-68 DOTATATE-avid pancreatic mass with polycythemia.

JCEM case reports·2026
Same author

Integrative advances in endocrine oncology: From unique glimpses to familiar themes.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology·2025
Same author

Adrenal insufficiency after megestrol acetate for fertility-sparing treatment of endometrial cancer.

Gynecologic oncology reports·2025
Same author

Mimickers of pituitary tumors.

Neuro-oncology advances·2025
Same author

Clinical integration and application of the 2022 WHO pituitary tumor classification.

Neuro-oncology advances·2025
Same author

Extended Hormone Profiling Identifies a Wider Network of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor Subtypes.

Endocrine pathology·2025
Same journal

Cardiometabolic and renal complications of obesity: an updated comprehensive overview by SIO - Campania region.

Minerva endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Clinical effects of apolipoprotein C3 inhibitors on triglyceride levels and pancreatitis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Minerva endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Highlights of the April-June 2026 issue.

Minerva endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Uncomplicated diabetes and adverse in-hospital outcomes in tumor lysis syndrome: a national cohort analysis.

Minerva endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Obesity-cancer convergence in the destiny of an adipocyte.

Minerva endocrinology·2026
Same journal

Digital platforms influence users and their eating habits.

Minerva endocrinology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.3K

Subclinical hypothyroidism.

Jessica Chbat1, Shereen Ezzat1, Giampaolo Papi2

  • 1Endocrine Oncology Site Group, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Canada.

Minerva Endocrinology
|August 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subclinical hypothyroidism, a common condition with elevated TSH and normal T4, presents diagnostic challenges. This review examines its symptoms and current treatment guidelines for better patient management.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

949

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

2.3K
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.1K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
05:41

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

949

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Subclinical hypothyroidism affects 4-20% of individuals in iodine-sufficient regions.
  • Characterized by elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal thyroxine (T4) levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical challenges in diagnosing subclinical hypothyroidism.
  • To discuss signs and symptoms potentially linked to this condition.
  • To present recent guideline recommendations for treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and guidelines.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and symptom presentation.
  • Synthesis of current therapeutic recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hypothyroidism diagnosis relies on TSH and T4 levels.
  • Associated signs and symptoms can be nonspecific, posing diagnostic difficulties.
  • Treatment guidelines vary, emphasizing individualized patient care.

Conclusions:

  • Managing subclinical hypothyroidism requires careful consideration of clinical presentation and diagnostic uncertainty.
  • Adherence to updated treatment guidelines is crucial for effective patient outcomes.