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Understanding and measuring nurses' professionalism: Development and validation of the Nurses' Professionalism
Naoko Ichikawa1, Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani1, Yukari Takai2
1Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
Aims:
To develop a self-report assessment inventory to evaluate nurses' professionalism and test its validity and reliability.
Background:
Professionalism is essential for nurses' development. To promote professionalism, evaluation indices must be developed.
Methods:
The Nurses' Professionalism Inventory (NPI) was constructed through a literature review and interviews with expert nurses and other medical personnel. An anonymized cross-sectional survey that included this inventory was administered to 5,739 nurses in hospitals throughout Japan.
Results:
A total of 4,183 (72.8%) questionnaires were returned, of which 3,655 (63.7%) with valid responses were used for further analyses. The Nurses' Professionalism Inventory consists of five subscales containing 28 items: (a) accountability, (b) self-improvement, (c) professional attitude, (d) advancement of the nursing profession and (e) professional membership. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) ranged from 0.84 to 0.90. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that this five-factor structure had good fit. The test-retest intraclass correlations were consistently greater than 0.6.
Conclusions:
The Nurses' Professionalism Inventory is valid and reliable.
Implications For Nursing Management:
The Nurses' Professionalism Inventory could be used to evaluate changes in nurses' professionalism and programmes designed to promote nurses' professionalism.
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