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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
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Bisphosphonates and lifespan.

Jacqueline R Center1, Kenneth W Lyles2, Dana Bliuc1

  • 1Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Australia.

Bone
|August 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bisphosphonates, used for osteoporosis and cancer, may extend lifespan. This review examines clinical evidence and potential mechanisms for their survival benefits across various health conditions.

Keywords:
BisphosphonatesMortalityOsteoporosisSurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gerontology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates are primary treatments for osteoporosis, reducing fracture rates by inhibiting bone remodeling.
  • They also mitigate skeletal complications in cancer patients, including bone metastases.
  • An unexpected survival benefit observed in the zoledronate hip fracture trial (HORIZON) sparked interest in their lifespan-extending potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical evidence for bisphosphonates' effects on mortality.
  • To explore potential survival benefits in osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis settings.
  • To discuss proposed mechanisms underlying observed survival benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.
  • Analysis of bisphosphonate efficacy in osteoporosis, cancer, intensive care, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Synthesis of proposed biological mechanisms for survival effects.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates demonstrate efficacy in reducing fractures and skeletal complications.
  • Evidence suggests a potential survival benefit in specific patient populations, including post-hip fracture.
  • Mechanisms may involve anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, or direct cellular effects.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonates show promise beyond skeletal health, with potential mortality benefits.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate mechanisms and confirm efficacy across diverse conditions.
  • Clinical application may expand to include lifespan extension strategies.