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Malaria outbreak in Riaba district, Bioko Island: lessons learned
Carlos A Guerra1, Godwin Fuseini2, Olivier Tresor Donfack2
1Medical Care Development International, 8401 Colesville Road, Suite 425, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
Malaria Journal
|August 5, 2020
Summary
A malaria outbreak in Bioko Island saw cases surge 3.8-fold. Interventions reduced cases by 70%, but high mosquito biting rates and receptivity necessitate sustained control efforts.
Area of Science:
- Medical Entomology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- A significant malaria surge occurred in Riaba, Bioko Island, in early 2019.
- Confirmed malaria cases rose 3.8-fold, and the anopheline human biting rate (HBR) increased 2.1-fold compared to 2018.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the malaria surge in Riaba district.
- To evaluate the impact of vector control interventions during the outbreak.
- To identify factors contributing to the surge and persistent malaria receptivity.
Main Methods:
- Conducted rapid diagnostic testing on 82.2% of the population during the outbreak.
- Implemented indoor residual spraying and larval source management.
- Monitored malaria parasite prevalence and anopheline HBR post-intervention.
Main Results:
- 37.2% of tested individuals had detectable malaria infections, treated per guidelines.
- Vector control interventions led to a 70% decrease in confirmed cases and a 43.8% reduction in parasite prevalence.
- Anopheline HBR remained high, and follow-up surveys showed higher prevalence than other island areas and previous years.
Conclusions:
- Increased rainfall and anthropogenic breeding sites likely drove the malaria surge.
- Sustained vector control and multi-sector collaboration are crucial for malaria control and elimination in receptive areas.
- Persistent high HBR indicates ongoing transmission risk.
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