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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Sulfoethylation of polysaccharides-A comparative study.

Lars Gabriel1, Andreas Koschella1, Antje Tied1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Centre of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Sulfoethylation using sodium vinylsulfonate (NaVS) transformed various polysaccharides into water-soluble forms. Heteropolysaccharides achieved higher substitution degrees than homopolysaccharides in this process.

Keywords:
EtherHeteropolysaccharidesHomopolysaccharidesNMRSolubilitySulfoethylation

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polysaccharides are abundant biopolymers with diverse structures and applications.
  • Modifying polysaccharide properties, such as solubility, is crucial for expanding their utility.
  • Sulfoethylation offers a method to introduce functional groups, altering polysaccharide characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneous sulfoethylation of various polysaccharides using sodium vinylsulfonate (NaVS).
  • To determine the impact of reaction parameters (polymer concentration, water, NaOH) on the degree of substitution (DS).
  • To assess the influence of polysaccharide structure (homo- vs. heteropolysaccharides) on sulfoethylation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Heterogeneous sulfoethylation reaction using sodium vinylsulfonate (NaVS) as the reagent.
  • Slurry medium composed of iso-propanol (i-PrOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
  • Analysis of reaction parameters including polymer concentration, water content, and NaOH form (solid or aqueous).
  • Structure characterization using 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Sulfoethylation successfully rendered cellulose, xylan, α-1,3-glucan, glucomannan, pullulan, curdlan, galactoglucomannan, and agarose water-soluble.
  • The degree of substitution (DS) was influenced by polymer concentration, water amount, and NaOH concentration/form.
  • Heteropolysaccharides exhibited higher DS values compared to homopolysaccharides after sulfoethylation.
  • 13C-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structural modifications.

Conclusions:

  • Heterogeneous sulfoethylation is an effective method for increasing polysaccharide water solubility.
  • The efficiency of sulfoethylation is dependent on the polysaccharide type and reaction conditions.
  • This modification opens avenues for new applications of modified polysaccharides.