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Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Polysaccharide valproates: Structure - property relationships in solution.

Mandy Grube1, Vlad Dinu2, Henry Lindemann1

  • 1Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bioactive polysaccharide valproates, including cellulose, pullulan, and dextran, were analyzed using advanced ultracentrifugation techniques. This study determined their molar masses and conformational properties, crucial for life science applications.

Keywords:
Analytical ultracentrifugationConformation zoningHydrodynamic invariantLight scatteringMacromolecular chain propertiesPharmapolymerPolysaccharidesSedimentation parameterValproic acidViscometry

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Macromolecular Science
  • Polymer Chemistry and Materials Science

Background:

  • Polysaccharides are versatile macromolecules with significant potential in various life science applications.
  • Modifying polysaccharides, such as through valproate esterification, can enhance their bioactivity and tailor their properties.
  • Accurate characterization of these modified polysaccharides is essential for understanding their behavior and optimizing their use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively characterize the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties of bioactive cellulose, pullulan, and dextran valproates.
  • To determine the molar masses and conformational characteristics of these polysaccharide derivatives.
  • To establish correlations between different measurement techniques for reliable data interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), including sedimentation velocity (SV) and sedimentation equilibrium (SE) experiments.
  • Numerical solution of the Lamm equation for SV data analysis to obtain sedimentation and diffusion coefficients.
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for self-diffusion measurements.
  • Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with refractive index (RI), viscometric (VISC), and multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) detection.

Main Results:

  • Precise molar masses were calculated for cellulose, pullulan, and dextran valproates using SV-AUC and SE-AUC.
  • Independent self-diffusion coefficients were obtained via NMR spectroscopy.
  • Correlations were established between molar masses obtained from AUC, NMR, and SEC-MALLS/VISC/RI using the hydrodynamic invariant and sedimentation parameter.
  • Statistically relevant average molar masses and macromolecular conformational characteristics were assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Analytical ultracentrifugation provides robust methods for characterizing modified polysaccharides like valproates.
  • Multi-technique correlation enhances the reliability and understanding of polysaccharide molar mass and conformational data.
  • These findings provide critical data for the development and application of bioactive polysaccharide valproates in life sciences.