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Related Concept Videos

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Cholesterol Efflux Assay
07:54

Cholesterol Efflux Assay

Published on: March 6, 2012

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Hit or miss: the new cholesterol targets.

Robert DuBroff1, Aseem Malhotra2, Michel de Lorgeril3

  • 1Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA rjdabq@gmail.com.

BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New cholesterol guidelines recommend drug treatment for four high-risk groups. However, a review found no additional benefit, questioning the use of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets for cardiovascular disease prevention.

Keywords:
cardiologycardiovascular diseasespublic health

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Current guidelines recommend cholesterol-lowering drug treatment for four moderate- to high-risk patient populations.
  • These populations include those with a history of cardiovascular events, adult diabetics, individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥190 mg/dL, and those with a 10-year cardiovascular risk ≥7.5%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of achieving new cholesterol target levels in reducing cardiovascular events.
  • To assess the validity of using LDL-C as a surrogate target for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 35 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating cholesterol-lowering treatments.
  • Analysis focused on the benefits of achieving specific LDL-C target levels in the identified patient populations.

Main Results:

  • Achieving the recommended cholesterol target levels did not confer any additional cardiovascular benefit across the studied trials.
  • Current risk-based recommendations may lead to undertreatment of some high-risk individuals and overtreatment of low-risk individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The effectiveness of current cholesterol-lowering treatment strategies based on achieving specific LDL-C targets is questionable.
  • Rethinking the use of LDL-C as a sole surrogate marker for CVD prevention is warranted, given the negative results of numerous RCTs.