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Related Concept Videos

Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

4.7K
The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
16.2K
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

6.7K
Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
6.7K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons00:58

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons

3.0K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
3.0K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

9.3K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Chiral metal surfaces for enantioselective processes.

Nisha Shukla1,2, Andrew J Gellman3,4

  • 1Institute for Complex Engineered Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Nature Materials
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are developing intrinsically chiral surfaces for enantioselective processes. This approach offers a new way to create enantiomerically pure pharmaceuticals and advanced materials.

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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Asymmetric Synthesis

Background:

  • Chiral surfaces are essential for enantioselective heterogeneous processes, particularly in pharmaceutical synthesis.
  • Current chiral surfaces often rely on achiral materials modified with chiral adsorbates.
  • There is a need for intrinsically chiral inorganic surfaces to leverage their unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in fabricating intrinsically chiral surfaces.
  • To explore the potential of these surfaces in enantiospecific adsorption, surface chemistry, and electron emission.
  • To discuss scalable fabrication methods for high-surface-area, enantiomerically pure surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on the fabrication of intrinsically chiral surfaces.
  • Analysis of methods enabling enantiospecific adsorption and surface reactions.
  • Discussion of techniques for surface characterization and property evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of intrinsically chiral surfaces exhibiting enantiospecific adsorption.
  • Evidence of unique surface chemistry and electron emission properties on these chiral surfaces.
  • Identification of promising fabrication strategies for scalable production.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsically chiral surfaces represent a significant advancement over adsorbate-modified surfaces.
  • These surfaces offer new opportunities in enantioselective catalysis, chiral separations, and advanced electronic devices.
  • Future research should focus on scalable, high-surface-area fabrication for industrial applications.