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Past, Present and Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition.

M Kanakidou1, S Myriokefalitakis1, N Daskalakis1

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Human activities significantly increase reactive nitrogen emissions, impacting ecosystems. This study reveals organic nitrogen comprises a substantial portion of total nitrogen deposition, altering its environmental effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Biogeochemical Cycles
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric reactive nitrogen from human activities affects terrestrial and marine ecosystems.
  • Nitrogen deposition is a critical factor influencing ecosystem productivity and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the global distribution of total nitrogen deposition, including inorganic and organic fractions.
  • To assess past and projected changes in nitrogen deposition due to anthropogenic activities.
  • To incorporate organic nitrogen (ON) primary emissions into atmospheric modeling for a comprehensive analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the atmospheric chemistry-transport model TM4-ECPL for global distribution calculations.
  • Incorporated anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions from ACCMIP historical and RCP6.0/RCP8.5 scenarios.
  • Accounted for both inorganic nitrogen (IN) and organic nitrogen (ON) in gaseous and particulate phases.

Main Results:

  • Present-day global nitrogen emissions are ~60% anthropogenic, with ON comprising 20-25% of total deposition.
  • Including ON emissions increased total N deposition by ~20% compared to models without ON.
  • Soluble N deposition has increased 3-fold over land and 2-fold over oceans since 1850.
  • Projections show regional shifts in N deposition composition, with reduced compounds gaining importance.

Conclusions:

  • Organic nitrogen is a significant, often overlooked, component of the global nitrogen cycle and deposition.
  • Anthropogenic activities have drastically increased nitrogen deposition, with substantial contributions from organic forms.
  • Future projections indicate regional changes in nitrogen deposition chemistry, necessitating refined environmental management strategies.